Gerund Phrase

1. Flying above the lake at this time of night seems a little dangerous. FLYING is the subject of the sentence. A subject is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. FLYING is a gerund.

2. Bill decided that scrambling over the pile of debris was not safe. SCRAMBLING is the subject of the dependent clause. A subject is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. SCRAMBLING is a gerund.

3. Ethan avoided doing his homework because the Ducks were playing the Cougars. DOING is the direct object of the verb AVOIDED. An object is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. DOING is a gerund. HOMEWORK is the object of the gerund.

4. The student gathered signatures for increasing the hours of the library. INCREASING is the object of the preposition FOR. An object is a noun. A form of the verb ending in ING and used as a noun is a gerund. INCREASING is a gerund. HOURS is the object of the gerund.

5. Philip Morris continues its fight to prevent government from regulating tobacco; nevertheless, the government is placing restrictions on marketing cigarettes to youth. Both REGULATING and MARKETING are objects of prepositions (FROM and ON).

Infinitive Phrase

1. We intend to leave early. (Early is the adverb modifying the infinitive to leave. )
2. We tried to reason with her. (The infinitive phrase to reason with her is the object of the verb tried.)

3. To save money became her obsession. (To save money is the subject of the sentence.)

4. Tim wants to be a lawyer. (The infinitive phrase is the object of wants.)

5. To win at chess requires much concentration. (The infinitive phrase is the subject.)

Participial Phrase

1. Singing very softly, the boy lulled his baby brother to sleep. (the participial phrase works as an adjective, modifying “boy”)

2. The girls, frightened by the police car’s headlights, quickly came down from the school’s roof. (the participial phrase works as an adjective, modifying “girls”)

3. Babies crying in the night bother me.(The participial phrase is crying in the night.It modifies the noun babies.)

4. Food frozen for over five years tastes icky.(The participial phrase is frozen for over five years.It is modifies the noun food.)

5. Burned on each side, the toast was inedible.(The participial phrase is burned on each side. It modifies the noun toast.)

Verbal Phrase

1. I was working at the arcade. [was is a helping verb; working is the main verb] 2. Lars Lars did not mind cooking. [did is a helping verb; mind is the main verb] 3. Alex and Cara have gone. [have is a helping verb; gone is the main verb] 4. She was walking quickly to the mall. [was is a helping verb; walking is the main verb] 5. You have woken up everyone in the neighborhood. [have is a helping verb; woken up is the main verb]

Submitted by:
Jo Anne Y. Dianzon

Submitted to:
Cecilia Quiambao

Gerund Phrase

1. The young man opposes marketing smoking cigarettes as if it were glamorous. MARKETING is the direct object of the verb OPPOSES. SMOKING is a gerund and the object of the gerund MARKETING. CIGARETTES is the object of the gerund SMOKING. 2. Andrew continues his crusade to prevent the university from limiting free speech. LIMITING is the object of the preposition FROM. SPEECH is the object of the GERUND. 3. Waiting for his grades drove him crazy. (the gerund phrase works as the subject of the verb “drove”) 4. The woman denied knowing her own husband. (the gerund phrase works as the object of the verb “denied”) 5. He thought he could escape from his problems by running away. (the gerund phrase works as the object of the preposition “by”)

Verbal Phrase
1. She has taken the job. (helping verb has + main verb taken) 2. Mom is making the room. (helping verb is + main verb make) 3. He did sing at the party. (helping verb do + main verb sing) 4. He has been coming late everyday. (helping verb has been + main verb take) Infinitive Phrase

1. To live in Boston eventually is his main goal in life. (the infinitive phrase works as the subject of the sentence) 2. Quentin Tarentino loves to babble during interviews. (the infinitive phrase works as the object of the verb “loves”) 3. Do you have any clothes to donate to the homeless shelter? (the infinitive phrase works as an adjective, modifying “clothes”) 4. She went home to visit her family. (the infinitive phrase works as an adverb, modifying “went”) 5. Mary was glad to be invited to the party. (The infinitive phrase modifies the adjective glad.) Participial
Phrase

1. The man holding the gun is John Barrett.
Holding the gun helps to identify which man, so no commas are needed. 2. The woman wearing a red dress lives in the neighborhood. Wearing a red dress helps to identify which woman, so no commas are needed. 3. Working late, Jiang fell asleep at the desk.

Jiang was working late.
4. Thrilled to win the prize, Mary tripped when she ran up the stairs. Mary won the prize.
5. Driven beyond endurance, Shiu packed his bags and left. Shiu is driven beyond endurance.