Tuckman’s Stages of Group Development

Bruce Tuckman is a well known man for publishing the 4 stage model theory of group development, which is now called the 5 stage model theory. In 1965 Tuckman published his forming, storming, performing and as mentioned above in the 1970’s, added the 5th stage, adjourning. Tuckman’s model explains how teams develop maturity, abilities, relationships and leadership styles.

Stage 1-Forming
During this stage the group comes together and gets to know each other but behave independently. The roles and responsibilities are a bit unclear but this is the first stages of team building. The person’s behavior is driven by the desire to be accepted by the other members in the group. They try and avoid conflict at all cost sometimes creating more problems because of certain issues and feelings are being ignored and avoided, in this stage not much is getting accomplished.

Stage 2-Storming
During this stage the group addresses some issues and their problems, they confront and listen to each other ideas and perspectives and gain confidence. Every group will enter this stage because this is how they will begin to mature. Although some conflict may arise, it’s necessary for growth, because in this stage members become more comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings.

Stage 3-Norming
Eventually an agreement is reached on how the group will function and the team set goals and create a plan for themselves. Team members are motivated and take responsibility to participate and work hard to be successful. During this stage the team is more effective and the teams start to develop an identity.

Stage 4-Performing
In this stage the group effectively meets its objectives; they function as a single unit and will find a way to complete the job. During this stage they avoid conflict and supervision. They are more knowledgeable in their roles and jobs and can handle the decision making without conflict arising.

Stage 5-Adjourning
Adjourning is the process of letting go of the group structure to move on also known as the “break-up” of the group. In this stage the job is done, goals are accomplished and everything was successful. Everyone feels great because of their achievement and can now move on to new projects.