Onion and Calamansi Extracts as Coackroach Killer

Cockroaches are the most noted pests insects due to their population. Cockroaches are also the hardiest insects on the planet because they have a capability to stay live for a month without food. The high price and health risks problem from food branded chemical insecticides gives dilemma to Filipino household. Respiratory diseases can also get from chemical insecticides inhaled by a person. This study seeks the possibility of using the extracts of Calamansi and Onion as an effective cockroach killer.

The Calamansi and Onion extract as cockroach killer can be possible by the Botanical ang Chemical Properties that can be naturally found within the fruits. Calamansi have a chemical property called d-Limonene which have the capacity to suffocate and destroy the respiratory tract of an insect.

In making the insecticide,squeeze the Calamansi until the extract reaches the measurement. Slice the onion into smaller pieces then crush with juicer. For additional d-Limonene substance that melt the wax coating of insects, add some orange oil that is made by leaving the peels in a jar with alcohol then place in a sunny place. To finish the product, mix all the extracts into a sprayer. Add salt to make the product long-lasting. To test the effectiveness of this product, we used two set-ups; two boxes with ten cockroaches each inside.

From the test that the researcher conducted, it revealed that there is a significant difference between the effects of the prepared product and the commercialized product with the calculated t-ratio of 10.62 which is higher than the tabular value of 2.262 at 5% level of probability and 3.250 at% level of probability.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to expres the deepest gratitude to the following
without their help,this project would not possible:

First to our parents , Mrs. Eleanor Galaites, and Mrs Marissa Paclibare who are always there with continuing support, morally and financially.
To Mrs. Maria Novie Gallego, our teacher, who always helping us to make this project.
To Wikipedia.com for informations, And most of all to God, who gave the researcher enough knowledge to thinkabout this stuggles that came for us.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

I.INTRODUCTION

A.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattaria or Blattodea of which about 30 species out of 4500 total are associated with human habitations. About four species are well known as pests. Cockroaches are one of the oldest groups of insects, indicating how successful they have been in adapting to changes in their environments. One of the reason for this success may be related to diet –they are scavengers and will eat anything organic. They prefer food sources such as starches,sweets, grease, and meat products, but other itmes may include cheese, beer, leather, glue, hair, and starch in book bindings, flakes of dried skin or decaying organic matter(plant or animal)

Calamondia or Calamansi, Citrofornella microcarpa, belong to the fruit tree family rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a small,round lime, a little bigger than the size of a thumbnail, about 30mm(an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits, the calamansi is high in vitamin C, and the juice can be an excellent vitamin basis. The lively D-limonene as destroys the wax coating of th insects respiratory system. As soon as applied directly, the insect suffocates.

The Onion (allium capa), the name approach from onion or the singleness as a bulb. The plant is interconnected to the lily botanically; chemically it is less piquant cousin of th garlic in taste, but it is distinctive in its lachrymatory properties. It is occasionally used to treat insect strings .

Orange oil is vital oil produced by cells within the peel of an orange fruit. It is composed of mostly (greater than 90%) d-limonene.

Salt, also known as table salt, or rock salt, is a mineral that is composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCI), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of ionic salts.

B.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

GENERAL PROBLEM:

This study seeks the possibility of using Calamansi nd Onion extract as an effective Cockroach killer,

SUB-PROBLEMS

1)What components does the onion and Calamansi have that kills cockroaches?

C.CIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Many people will surely benefit from this project not only because it is cheaper than commercial one but also has a medical values and the health risks are lesser. Big production of these products will enable more Filipinos to lessen their expenses with regards to chemical insecticide products. Compared to commercialized products , these product don’t affect one’s health and can be apply to the cockroaches even without using masks for respiratory protection. The materials needed for ths project can be easily  found within the kitchen or even in the surrounding.

D. SCOPE and LIMITATIONS

This project focused only on developing of the extracts of Calamansi and Onion for terminating cockroaches. This project also study some extracts/oil to enhance the effectiveness of the insecticide. Test were conducted using the Calamansi and Onion extract product to prove the ability of this setup as an effective cockroach killer.

For a Days searching for information we conduct this study. Only cockroaches were used to prove this product and nit yet tested to the other insect.

E. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Calamondia or Calamansi, Citrofornella microcarpa, belong to the fruit tree family rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a small,round lime, a little bigger than the size of a thumbnail, about 30mm (an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits, the calamansi is high in vitamin C, and the juice can be an excellent vitamin basis. The lively D-limonene as destroys the wax coating of th insects respiratory system. As soon as applied directly, the insect suffocates.

Calamondia or Calamansi, Citrofornella microcarpa, belong to the fruit tree family rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a small,round lime, a little bigger than the size of a thumbnail, about 30mm(an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits, the calamansi is high in vitamin C, and the juice can be an excellent vitamin basis. The lively D-limonene as destroys the wax coating of th insects respiratory system. As soon as applied directly, the insect suffocates.

Calamansi is a smooth and slightly spiny plant, growing toa height of 3 to 5 meters. Leaflets are elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4 to 8 cm long. Patioles are narrowly and scarely winged,about a cm long. Flowers are axilliary , solitary , rarely in pairs, white and short stalked. Fruit is yellow when ripe , nearly spherical, 2 to 3.5 cm diameter, 6 to 7-celled,and thin-skinned. The skin or pee is green to yellowish green or yellow, loosely adhering to te flesh. The flesh contains a few light orange seeds.

The forum from beemaster.com shows that camansi juice can kill varroa mite.Varroa mites are external parasites of bees. The mites ,which are abut the size of a pinhead, use specialized mouthparts to attack developing bee larvae. The Varroa mite is a parasitic mite that can cause serious trouble to beekeepers and their bees alike. The Onion (allium capa), the name approach from onion or the singleness as a bulb. The plant is interconnected to the lily botanically; chemically it is less piquant cousin of th garlic in taste, but it is distinctive in its lachrymatory properties. It is occasionally used to treat insect strings ,but personal knowledge suggests it lacks any significant anti-allergy properties. It has mild anti-microbial qualities and has ben used in injury treatment.

A specific sulfenic acid ,I-propenesulfenic acid, formed when onions are cut, is rapidly rearranged by a second enzyme, called the lachrymatory thing synthase or LFS, giving syn-propanethial S-oxide. The gas diffuses all the way through the air and, on contact with the eye; it stimulates sensory neurons creating a stinging ,painful sensation. N.A. Martin,P.J. Workman & R.C. Butler conducted a research about the feasibility of onion to produce an insecticide from its strips. The New Zealand onion industry responded to initial failure of insecticides by developing and implementing an insecticides resistance management strategy and research to improve onion trips control.

Orange Oil is a vital oil produced by cells within the peel ofan orange fruit. It is extracted orvapor distilled as a by-product of orange juice production,producing cold-pressed oil. It is composed of mostly (greater than 90%)d-limonene,and as a result frequentllyused in placeofpure d-limonene,whichcan be additional extracted from oil by distillation. Orange oil can be used In natural pests control Green pesticide, and can execute individual and colonies of antsang get rid of their”scentphermone trailindicators to discrupt re-infestation

Orange oil appears as a yellow-orange liquid that smells strongly of the orange fruit. It is almost completely made upof a substance called d-limonene and is classified as an essential oil. It is this chemical that gives the orange fruit its distinct smell and taste. Orange oil is extracted from rind of oranges in large amounts by centrifugation or distillation during the production of orange juice . its appearance and smell closel resemblesto that of orange juice, it is non-edible and will cause digestive problems and extreme stomach aches if directly consumed due to its hih concentration of the slightly toxic d-limonene, consuming small amounts of it from substances like orange juice has been show to produce no effect to human health.

Salt, also known as table salt, or rock salt, is a mineral that is composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCI), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of ionic salts. It is essential for animal life in small quantities,bt is harfulto animals and plants in excess.Salt is one of the oldest,most ubiquitous food seasonings and salting is an important in food preservation.

Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattaria or Blattodea of which about 30 species out of 4500 total are associated with human habitations. About four species are well known as pests. Cockroaches are one of the oldest groups of insects, indicating how successful they have been in adapting to changes in their environments. One of the reason for this success may be related to diet –they are scavengers and will eat anything organic. They prefer food sources such as starches,sweets, grease, and meat products, but other itmes may include cheese, beer, leather, glue, hair, and starch in book bindings, flakes of dried skin or decaying organic matter(plant or animal).

Cockroaches are attracted to warm, moist environments. They spend the day light hours in dark,secluded sites under refrigerators ,stoves, falsee bottoms in kitchen cabinets, in the backs of cabinets and in crevices between baseboards and floors or cabinets and walls. They may alsobe found behind pictures or within electrionic equipment, a number of these openings will ultimately lead to voids in the stud wallps.The insects leave these sites at night toforage for food and water. The presence of cockroaches during day may indicate a arge population.

There are about 3,000 species of cockroaches in the world and about 50 occur n the United States .of these 50 species , the three most common in the Northeast are the German cockroach, the American cockroach and the brownbanded cockroach.

II.METHODOLOGY

A.Materials
To determine the effect of Calamansi and Onion extract on terminating cockroaches, 50 ml of Onion extract are needed for the makig of insecticide. We also use 10 ml of orange peel extract/oil for the additional D-limonene substance.

Getting the extracts are possible by using the following materials: juicer to juice the substances ,glass container serve as the container for mixing and storage, sprayer to apply the insecticide to the cockroaches, measuring cup for measuring and salt for preservative (1 teaspooful).

B.Procedures
The extract of the Calamansi can get by squeezing the fruit until the measurement reached. The extract of onion can get by chopping the fruit into smaller pieces, juicing it with juicer and until reach the measurement given, add the orange oil, before putting all the substance , put 1 teaspoonful of salt. Transfer the combined extracts to the sprayer and apply as insecticide.

VII. RESULTS and FINDINGS

Our product is safer than chemical insecticide because of it’s organic ingridients and cheaper ,while the chemical insecticide is more expensive and too dangerous tour health because of its chemical.

VIII.CONCLUSION

As you can see, as our product is economic friendly,and also effective as cockroach killer as we try in our experiments .Its more health friendly than chemical made insecticide.

IX. RECOMMENDATION

We recommend you to use our product “calamansi and onion extract as cockroach killer” because it is effective and cheaper than other insecticide.

X.REFERENCE

http:www.stuartxchange.org/kalamansi.html

Wikipedia.org,eric block,”grlic and other alliums ; the core and the science”,Cambridge;royal society of chemistry,2010.capter 4

http://vegetaleoils.org/orange_oil/

http://en.wikipedia.orh/wiki/salt_chemistry;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wikisalt
http://www.uri.edu./ce/factssheets/sheets/cockroaches.html